A Look at Women and Abortion in the United States

The issue of abortion is defined by ethical questions and, often, controversial views. This paper argues the importance of a coherent and enhanced effort to study the quantitative relationship between women’s characteristics and the average number of abortions in the United States. It specifically looks at the average number of previous abortions and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, as this relationship has not been explored before in the existing literature. We expect to establish a correlation between the average number of previous abortions and characteristics such as age, marital status, income and highest degree of education completed. An empirical model is developed, and then studied using regression analysis. Even though this study has limitations stemming from the nature of the data and the methodology employed, it illustrates that variables such as age, marital status, religion and education, employment status, income, and metropolitan status do influence the number of previous abortions a woman has had. The broader implications of this study suggest that the issue of abortion should be addressed with a clear focus on the most interested party, namely, women

Fingerprints of Inelastic Transport at the Surface of the Topological Insulator Bi2Se3: Role of Electron-Phonon Coupling

We report on electric-field and temperature dependent transport measurements in exfoliated thin crystals of Bi$_{2}$Se$_{3}$ topological insulator. At low temperatures ($< 50$ K) and when the chemical potential lies inside the bulk gap, the crystal resistivity is strongly temperature dependent, reflecting inelastic scattering due to the thermal activation of optical phonons. A linear increase of the current with voltage is obtained up to a threshold value at which current saturation takes place. We show that the activated behavior, the voltage threshold and the saturation current can all be quantitatively explained by considering a single optical phonon mode with energy $\hbar \Omega \approx 8$ meV. This phonon mode strongly interacts with the surface states of the material and represents the dominant source of scattering at the surface at high electric fields.Comment: Supplementary Material at: http://journals.aps.org/prl/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.086601/TIPhonon_SM.pd

An Application of ISO 5725 in Brewing Industry

2002 Mathematics Subject Classification: 62P30, 62P10.The colloidal stability is very important part of the total beer quality. The stabilized beers have to have a long shelf-life. Determination of some haze forming complexes could be very useful for prediction of beer colloidal stability. We study the repeatability and reproducibility of a method for determination of some haze forming complexes in beer. The method was tested in 10 laboratories. All of theme analyzed the same beer samples and carried out two measurements for each. Statistical evaluation of results was according ISO 5725 and previous experience. The applied ISO 5725 statistical analyzes ensured high quality and possibility of international recognition of the measurement method.Partially supported by Mathind IST-2000-26015 and by Pro-enbis GTC1-2001-43031

Solvent Dynamics and Thermodynamics at the Crystal-Solution Interface of Ibuprofen

The choice of solvent is key in the manufacturing of solution-grown crystals due to the critical effect it can exert on their morphology. Here we set out to investigate the dynamics and thermodynamics of solvent molecules at the crystal-solution interface for the morphologically dominant crystal faces of ibuprofen. In particular, we evaluate how thermodynamically favourable the desorption of a solvent molecule is and estimate the rate of exchange of adsorbed solvent molecules with molecules from the bulk solution. This analysis is carried out for all four morphologically dominant crystal faces of ibuprofen {100}, {002}, {011} and {110}, and ten solvents, i.e. water, 1-butanol, toluene, cyclohexanone, cyclohexane, acetonitrile, trichloromethane, methanol, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Our work reveals that the structure of the solution and the exchange dynamics can be strongly dependent on both the crystal face and the solvent, i.e. the same solvent can show radically different structure when in contact with different faces, alternatively the same face can induce different structuring in different solvents. Moreover, we find particularly strong surface-solvent interactions for the {002} and {100} crystal faces in several of the solvents examined. We conclude that the role of desolvation in the growth process is solvent- and face-specific, and therefore it has the potential of impacting the crystal shape anisotropy. We provide a framework to rationalise this effect based on molecular simulations of the crystal/solution interface

Evolution of Concept VIRTUAL PERSONALITY in Digital Age (a Sociolinguistic Study based on Russian Texts)

The evolution of the concept of “virtual personality” relevant for the digital age (from diffuse to terminological) is considered. The means of its expression are analyzed. Research sources: personal websites and blogs of contemporary Russian authors, prose and philosophical texts. Electronic search databases were also involved: Russian National Corpus, the media bank “Integrum”. The objectives of the study are to define and describe the semantic structure of the term virtual personality; identify semantic connections with related nominations (network personality, digital personality; real personality); to establish possible transformations of the concept of “personality” in the digital age. The study was carried out using the methods of cognitive science and functional sociolinguistics. As a result: a model of a dictionary entry for the term virtual personality is presented (for the forthcoming dictionary of digital society terms). For the first time, a comparative analysis of the concepts of “virtual personality” and “digital personality” was carried out according to such criteria as intentional / unintentional, activity / passivity, subject / object of influence, presence / absence of (relative) freedom. A conclusion is proposed about the expansion of the semantics of the word personality in the context of digital technologies of the information society due to a new lexical-semantic variant: ‘a set of user data presented on the Web in digital format; digital footprint

Agroecologic valuation of organic waste in different technologies of storage

A study has been conducted, based on three types of fertilizers / cow, pig and bird manure/ and bioshlam /received from clearing station/ that have been storage in different technologies in order to make an agroecologic valuation. The different types of fertilizers and wastewater in different technologies of storage have been analyzed according to the following parameters: Dry matter (DM) ,Organic matter (OM), Organic Carbon (OC), Nitrogen Kjeldahl (N), Nitrogen Ammonium (N -ammonium), Nitrogen nitrate (N- nitrate), Sulfates (SO4) , Calcium Oxide (CaO), Magnesium Oxide (MgO), Patassium (K), P (Phosphorus), pH (H2O) and heavy metals – arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pd), Zinc (Zn). The received results show: variation of the percentage of dry material /from 92,12% to 4,03%/ according to the technology of storage. The way of storage has no essential influence on the content of carbon in the various stable fertilizers, where pig manure has the highest value of nitrogen in all technologies of storage. Near to the recommendable optimal values of C:N is stayed/dry/ and fresh/hard/ in all three fertilizer types. The technology of storage by the different manure types has no influence on the content of heavy metal. Exception can be observed as far as the zinc content in stale /fluid/ pig manure is concerned. High content of dry material can be observed in bioshlam received from clearing station. In both ways of production of variation in the content of dry material the ratio between the biogenic macro elements C:N remains. The free nitrogen forms (N-ammonium and Nnitrate) in bioshlam are higher to other organic waste in both technologies of storage. No values over the critically admissible in bioshlam are observed in both technologies of production